Objective: Maternal Urinary tract infection is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether maternal Urinary tract infection is related to neonatal Urinary tract infection. Materials and methods: The present prospective study included 230 singleton neonates. The participants were divided into two groups based on in utero exposure to maternal Urinary tract infections. The study group (exposure to maternal Urinary tract infection) included 115 neonates and the control group (without exposure to maternal Urinary tract infection) included 115 healthy neonates. Physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture and Urinary system ultrasonography were carried out for all neonates. Results: There were 153 deliveries by cesarean section and 77 vaginal births. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender distribution, maternal age, birth weight, mode of delivery, gravida and gestational age. Although the difference was not significant, the incidence of low birth weight and preterm delivery were higher in the study group in comparison to that in the control group. There was a statistically significant higher rate of neonatal Urinary tract infection in the study group compared with control group (25. 2% vs. 7. 8%, p<0. 001). The most commonly discovered pathogens were Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Serratia spp. in the study group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the presence of maternal Urinary tract infection may contribute to increased Urinary tract infection frequency in the neonatal period. Neonates at risk for a Urinary tract infection should be regularly monitored due to nonspecific clinical presentation.

This interesting subject which has been studied by the colleagues from Ghods Hospital in Ghazvin, a historic city140 Km far from Tehran, is published in this issue of the journal.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of maternal UTI during pregnancy with neonatal UTI.Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen neonates admitted to hospital were enrolled in the present study, of whom 40 were admitted for management of UTI and 74 for management of jaundice. Urinalysis and urine culture were carried out for all of the neonates. Data regarding gestational age, history of UTI in the mother during pregnancy, and Urinary symptoms of neonates were collected.Results: The mean gestational age of the neonates was 38.4±1.4 weeks (range, 30 to 40 weeks) and their mean age at admission was 6.2±3.8 days old (range, 1 to 25 days). The mean gestational age and birth weight of the two groups with and without UTI were 38.38±1.32 weeks versus 38.41±1.62 weeks and 2930.43±492.15 g versus 2930±447.33 g, respectively. No abnormal findings were detected on physical examinations, and none of the neonate had abnormal renal ultrasonography findings. There was a significant relationship between maternal prenatal UTI and neonatal infection; 30.0% of the neonates with UTI versus 6.8% of those without UTI had mothers with a history of UTI (odds ratio, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 18.3; P = .001).Conclusions: Our study showed an association between maternal and neonatal UTI. This indicates a possible benefit of evaluation of neonates of mothers who had UTI during pregnancy.

Introduction: Many studies have shown that breast milk oligosaccharides antibodies induce immunity and decrease the infection outside the gastrointestinal tract. Preventing Urinary tract infections is important because it can be lead to end stage renal disease, renal failure and systemic hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of breastfeeding on the prevention of infant Urinary tract infection.Methods: This case control study was performed in 2005 to 2006 in two hospitals in Kermanshah on 40 members of the two groups of 6 to 12 months infants. Case group were hospitalized with Urinary tract infection and control group with an acute illness other than Urinary tract infection. The groups were matched for age and sex. Infants with antibiotics consumption before admission, a renal or Urinary tract abnormality, previous history of Urinary tract infection and consumption of formula milk one to two times per day were excluded. Breast milk group was defined as infants with usage only breast milk and supplement drops. The infants with more than two servings a day of any milk except than breast milk were considered as non breast feeding infants group. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi square test.Results: In case group 62.5% had exclusive breast feeding milk and 37.5% used formula or combination of formula and breast milk. In the control group 75% were exclusively breast fed and 25% used formula or combination of formula and breast milk. The difference between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.23).Conclusion: Although breast milk intake in the group with Urinary tract infection was lower than controls but this difference was not significant and protective effect of breastfeeding of Urinary tract infection was not confirmed. This difference could be due to small sample size, exclusion criteria, and follow-up period. So, similar study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up time is advised.